SGMF explores methanol and ammonia as alternative marine fuels

The Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel (SGMF) has issued two publications, exploring methanol and ammonia as alternative maritime fuels.

SGMF is a membership based non-governmental organisation (NGO) established to promote safety and industry best practice in the use of gaseous marine fuels including methane (fossil, bio and synthetic), ammonia, hydrogen as well as methanol. SGMF has Consultative Status with International Maritime Organization (IMO), observer status at the United Nations Climate Change Conference of Parties (COP) and has formal relationships with many other national and international organizations.

According to SGMF’s updated publication, the technical readiness of the machinery and systems required to safely use ammonia as a marine fuel is currently at a relatively low level compared to other fuels. Nevertheless, extensive research and development efforts are under way, and it is expected that over time the challenges and issues will become clearer, with solutions emerging.

A critical aspect to note is the commercial availability of marine engines designed for ammonia, which is anticipated to become viable by 2025. However, even at this stage, these engines may not be exclusively burning 100% ammonia and may require pilot fuels for some time.

Additionally, bunkering operations for ammonia share many similarities in terms of risks and solutions with LNG bunkering. But there are critical differences, particularly in the approach to purging and venting of lines and hoses, that require careful consideration and adaptation of existing philosophies.

Methanol is gaining prominence as a promising marine fuel due to its potential to contribute to sustainability goals within the maritime industry.

Methanol’s appeal extends to its minimal carbon emissions, as well as significant reductions in sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Additionally, its liquid form at ambient temperature facilitates straightforward storage and handling on ships, with storage facilities available near most ports.

Despite these advantages, challenges exist in integrating methanol as a marine fuel. Methanol is flammable and toxic, requiring robust safety systems, including fire safety protocols and specialized detection and mitigation strategies.

Efficient venting and containment procedures are vital to establish a secure operating environment. Addressing these challenges involves dispelling complacency about methanol’s risks, emphasizing its unique characteristics compared to conventional fuels.

In SGMF’s view, continuous training and awareness initiatives are crucial to maintaining vigilance and ensuring safety practices within the maritime industry.